Fool Chapter 5

FIVE PITY THE FOOL Kent banished, Cordelia disinherited, the king having given away his property and power, but most important, my home, the White Tower; the two older sisters insulted by Kent, the dukes ready to cut my throat, well – getting a laugh might be a challenge. Royal succession, it seemed, would not be a prudent subject to broach, and I was lost for a transition to slapstick or pantomime after Lear's high drama, so Drool was but a millstone on comedy's neck. I juggled apples and sang a little song about monkeys while I pondered the problem. The king was, of late, leaning decidedly pagan, while the elder sisters favored the Church. Gloucester and Edgar were devout to the Roman pantheon, and Cordelia, well, she thought the whole lot was shit and England should have her own church with women in the clergy. Quaint. So the high-minded comedy of religious satire it would be†¦ I tossed my apples around the table and said, â€Å"Two popes are shagging a camel behind a mosque, when this Saracen comes up – â€Å" â€Å"There is only one, true pope!† shouted Cornwall, great tower of malignant smegma that he is. â€Å"It's a jest, you wanker,† said I. â€Å"Suspend fucking disbelief for a bit, would you?† He was right, in a way (although not for the purpose of the camel bit). For the last year there had only been one pope, in the holy city of Amsterdam. But for the prior fifty years there had been two popes, the Retail Pope and the Discount Pope. After the Thirteenth Holy Crusade, when it was decided that to avoid future strife, the birthplace of Jesus would be moved to a different city every four years, holy shrines lost their geographical importance. There arose a great price war in the Church, with shrines offering pilgrims dispensation at varying competitive rates. Now there didn't need to be a miracle declared on the spot; anywhere could basically be declared a holy site, and often was. Lourdes would still sell dispensation coupons with the healing waters – but also some bloke in Puddinghoe could plant some pansies and hawk, â€Å"Jesus had a wee right on this very spot when he was a lad – two pennies and a spliff of Cardiff chronic ‘ill get you out o' purgat ory for an eon, mate.† Soon a whole guild of low-priced shrine keepers around Europe named their own Pope – Boldface the Relatively Shameless, Discount Pope of Prague. The price war was on. If the Dutch pope would give you a hundred years out of purgatory for a shilling and a ferryman's ticket, the Discount Pope would let you out for two hundred years and send you home with the femur of a minor saint and a splinter of the True Cross. The Retail Pope would offer cheesy bacon toppings on the Host with communion and the Discount Pope would counter with topless-nun night for midnight mass. It came to a head, though, when St. Matthew appeared in a vision to the Retail Pope, telling him that the faithful were more interested in the quality of their religious experience, not just the quantity. Thus inspired, the Retail Pope moved Christmas to June when the weather wasn't so shit for shopping, and the Discount Pope, not realizing the game had changed, responded by forgiving hell altogether for anyone who gave a priest a hand job. Without hell, there was no fear, and without fear, there was no further need for the Church to supply redemption, and more important, no means for the Church to modify behavior. The Discount faithful defected in droves, either to the Retail branch of the Church, or to a dozen different pagan sects. Why not get pissed and dance naked around a pole all Sabbath if the worst of it was a rash on the naughty bits and the dropping of the odd bastard now and then? Pope Boldface was burned in a wicker man the next Beltane and cats shat in his ashes. So, yes, a two-pope joke was untimely, but fuck all, it was dire times, and I sallied forth, for a bit: â€Å"So the second pope says, ‘Your sister? I thought she was kosher?'† And no one laughed. Cordelia rolled her eyes and made a raspberry sound. The pathetic one-trumpet fanfare dribbled, the great doors were thrown open, and France and Burgundy ponced[20] into the hall followed by the bastard Edmund. â€Å"Silence, fool,† commanded Lear, with great superfluity. â€Å"Hail, Burgundy, hail, France.† â€Å"Hail, Edmund the bloody bastard!† said I. Lear ignored me and motioned for France and Burgundy to come before him. They were both fit, taller than me but not tall, a few years south of thirty. Burgundy had dark hair and the sharp features of a Roman. France, sandy hair and softer features. Each wore sword and dagger that I doubted had been ever drawn but for ceremony. Fucking frogs. â€Å"Lord Burgundy,† said Lear, â€Å"you have rivaled for the hand of our youngest daughter. What dowry do you require for her?† â€Å"No less than your highness has offered,† said the dark poofter. â€Å"Alas, that is no more, good Burgundy. What we offered, was offered when she was dear to us. Now she has roused our anger and betrayed our love and her dowry is nothing. If you want her as she is there, take her, but there will be no dowry.† Burgundy was stunned. He backed away, nearly stepping on France's feet. â€Å"I'm sorry, then, sir, but I must tend to property and power in my choice of duchess.† â€Å"She shall have neither,† said Lear. â€Å"So be it,† said Burgundy. He nodded, bowed, and stepped back. â€Å"I am sorry, Cordelia.† â€Å"No worry, sir,† said the princess. â€Å"If Burgundy's heart is wed only to property and power, then it could never be to me truly. Peace be with you.† I breathed half a sigh of relief. We might be driven from our home, but if Cordelia was driven out with us – â€Å"I'll take her!† said Edgar. â€Å"You will not, you blubbering, beetle-browed, dog-buggering dolt!† I may have accidentally exclaimed. â€Å"You will not,† said Gloucester, pushing his son back into his seat. â€Å"Well, I will have her,† said the Prince of France. â€Å"For she is a dowry in herself.† â€Å"Oh for fuck's sake!† â€Å"Pocket, that's enough,† said the king. â€Å"Guard, take him outside and hold him until our will is done.† Two yeomen stepped up behind me and seized me under the armpits. I heard Drool moan and looked over to see him cowering behind a column. This had never happened before – nothing like it. I was the all-licensed fool! I of all people could speak truth to power – I am chief cheeky monkey to the King of Bloody Britain! â€Å"You don't know what you're getting into, France. Have you seen her feet? Or perhaps that is your game, put her to work in the vineyards crushing wine grapes. Majesty, the poofter means to force servitude on her, mark my words.† But no one heard the last of it, the yeomen had dragged me from the room and held me in the hall outside. I sought to brain one with Jones but he caught the puppet stick and tucked him in his belt at the small of his back. â€Å"Sorry, Pocket,† said Curan, the captain of the guard, a grizzled bear in chain mail who held me by my right arm. â€Å"‘Twas a direct order, and you were fast cutting your throat with your own tongue.† â€Å"Not me,† said I. â€Å"He wouldn't hurt me.† â€Å"I'd have said he'd not banish his best friend or disown his favorite daughter before this night. Hanging a fool's an easy leap, lad.† â€Å"Aye,† said I. â€Å"You're right. Let me go, then.† â€Å"Not until the king's business is done,† said the old yeoman. The doors came open, fanfare trickled anemic through the portal, and out came the Prince of France, on his arm, Cordelia, radiant and wearing a grim smile. I could see her jaw clenched, but she relaxed when she saw me and some of the fire of anger left her eyes. â€Å"So, you're off with the frog Prince?† said I. France laughed at that, bloody buggering French fuck that he is. Is there anything so irritating as a noble who actually behaves nobly? â€Å"Yes, I am leaving, Pocket, but there is one thing you must always remember and never forget – â€Å" â€Å"Both at once?† â€Å"Shut up!† â€Å"Aye, milady.† â€Å"You must always remember, and you must never forget, that while you are the Black Fool, the dark fool, the Royal Fool, the all-licensed fool, and the King's Fool, you were not brought here to be those things. You were brought here to please me. Me! So when you put your titles aside, a fool still shall there reside, and now and forever, you are my fool.† â€Å"Oh my, you are going to do well in France – they hold unpleasantness to be a virtue.† â€Å"Mine!† â€Å"Now and forever, milady.† â€Å"You may kiss my hand, fool.† The yeoman released me and I bent to take her hand. She pulled it away, and turned, her gown fanning out around her as she walked away. â€Å"Sorry, having you on.† I smiled into the floor. â€Å"You bitch.† â€Å"I'll miss you, Pocket,† she said over her shoulder, and she hurried down the corridor. â€Å"Take me with you. Take us both with you. France, you could use a brilliant fool and a great lumbering bag of flatulence like Drool, couldn't you?† The prince shook his head, entirely too much pity in his eyes for my tastes. â€Å"You are Lear's fool, with Lear you shall stay.† â€Å"That's not what your wife just said.† â€Å"She will learn,† said the prince. He turned on his heel and followed Cordelia down the corridor. I started after them but the captain yanked me back by the arm. â€Å"Let her go, lad.† Next out of the hall came the sisters and their husbands. Before I could say anything the captain had clamped his hand over my mouth and was lifting me off my feet as I kicked. Cornwall made as to draw his dagger, but Regan pulled him away. â€Å"You've just won a kingdom, my duke, killing vermin is a servant's task. Leave the bitter fool stew in his own bile.† She wanted me. It was clear. Goneril would not look me in the eye, but hurried past, and her husband, Albany, just shook his head as he walked by. A hundred brilliant witticisms died suffocating on the captain's heavy glove. Thus muted, I pumped my codpiece at the duke and tried to force a fart, but my bum trumpet could find no note. As if the gods had sent down a dim and gaseous avatar to help me, Drool came next through the door, walking rather more straight than was his habit. Then I saw that someone had looped a rope around his neck, the noose fixed to a spear whose point was almost piercing Drool's throat. Edmund stepped into the corridor holding the other end of the spear, two men at arms flanking him. â€Å"The captain havin' a laugh with you, then, Pocket?† said Drool, innocent of his peril. The captain dropped me to my feet then, but held my shoulder to keep me from going at Edmund, whose father and brother passed behind him. â€Å"You were right, Pocket,† said Edmund, poking Drool a bit with the spear for emphasis. â€Å"Killing you would be enough to cement my unfavorable position forever, but a hostage – there's a mute I can use. I so enjoyed your performance in there that I prevailed upon the king to provide me with a fool of my own, and look at his gift. He'll be coming to Gloucester with us to assure that you don't forget your promise.† â€Å"You don't need the spear, bastard. He'll go if I ask him.† â€Å"Are we going on holiday, Pocket?† asked Drool, blood beginning to trickle down his neck then. I approached the giant. â€Å"No, lad,† said I. â€Å"You're going to go with the bastard here. Do as he says.† I turned to the captain. â€Å"Give me your knife.† The captain eyed Edmund and the men at arms beside him, who had hands on hilts. â€Å"I don't know, Pocket – â€Å" â€Å"Give me your bloody knife!† I whirled, pulled the knife from the captain's belt, and before the men at arms could draw I'd cut the rope around Drool's neck and pushed Edmund's spear aside. â€Å"You don't need the spear, bastard.† I handed the captain his knife and motioned for Drool to bend down so we were eye-to-eye. â€Å"I want you to go with Edmund and don't give him any trouble, you understand?† â€Å"Aye. You ain't comin'?† â€Å"I'll be along, I'll be along. I've business at the White Tower first.† â€Å"Shagging to be done?† Drool nodded so enthusiastically you could nearly hear his tiny brain rattling around his gourd. â€Å"I'll be helping, right?† â€Å"No, lad, but you'll have your own castle. You'll be the proper fool, won't you? There'll be all kinds of hiding and listening, Drool, do you understand what I'm saying, lad?† I winked, hoping against hope that the git would get my meaning. â€Å"Will there be heinous fuckery, Pocket?† â€Å"Aye, I think you can count on it.† â€Å"Smashing!† Drool clapped his hands and danced a little jig then, chanting, â€Å"Heinous fuckery most foul, heinous fuckery most foul – â€Å" I looked to Edmund. â€Å"You've my word, bastard. But you've also my word that if any harm comes to the Natural, I'll see to it that ghosts ride you into your grave.† A flash of fear showed in Edmund's eye then, but he fought it down and affected his usual swaggering smirk. â€Å"His life is on your word, little man.† The bastard turned and strutted down the corridor. Drool looked back, a big tear welling in his eye as he realized what was happening. I waved him on. â€Å"I'd have taken the other two if you'd dirked him,† said Curan. The other guard nodded in agreement. â€Å"Evil bastard was asking for it.† â€Å"Well, now you fucking tell me,† said I. Another guard hurried out of the hall then, and seeing it was only the fool with his captain, reported, â€Å"Captain, the king's food taster. He's dead, sir.† Three friends had I.

A Man Defined by War Essay

Similar to many authors during the early part of the 20th century, Ernest Hemingway uses his first hand experience to write meticulous novels conveying his struggles. Hemingway’s efforts are recorded using new techniques not yet seen before. Hemingway, the author of the celebrated â€Å"A Farwell To Arms,† incorporates meaningful diction, imagery, and syntax in Book 1 to convey his detached tone towards the Great War. Book 1 of â€Å"A Farewell To Arms† sets the groundwork for one of the most influential novels of all time. Lieutenant Frederick Henry, an American ambulance driver for the Italian army, seems stoic about his situation. Henry meets a British nurse, Catherine Barkley. After an evening with Catherine, he says to himself, â€Å"I had treated seeing Catherine very lightly, I had gotten somewhat drunk and had nearly forgotten to come but when I could not see her there I was feeling lonely and hollow.† (41). This is the first time Henry fully recognizes that he loves Catherine. His body drained of guilt, Henry utter, â€Å"when I could not see her†¦.I was feeling†¦ hollow.† A lover without a clue, Henry lays his problems, the war, his love life, and his friends on the table. While away from Catherine, he feels he goes through the motions needed to live but can not actually be attached to the world. Catherine completes him. Just after the priest discusses God, Henry walks through Abruzzi. He thinks to himself, â€Å"†¦lovely was the fall to go hunting through the chestnut woods. The birds were all good because they fed on grapes and you never took a lunch because the peasants were always honored if you would eat with them at their houses.†(73). Henry’s thoughts are obviously disconnected from his main problems. Pondering the birds, Henry detaches himself from the rest of the war. Hemingway’s personal issues regarding the war are exemplified in Henry’s speech. Vibrant, vivid imagery became one of Hemingway’s favorite structural devices. In the early stages of the tale, Henry, still getting accustomed to his surroundings, finds time to observe the less important items of his experience. While viewing the scenery around him, Henry observes, â€Å"snow slanted across the wind, the bare ground was covered, the stumps of trees projected, there was snow on the guns and there was paths in the snow going back to the latrines behind trenches.† (6). His world completely changed, Henry resorts to crafting detached images for himself from his surroundings. Snow generates a sense of permanence, just as the war itself has produced. With the same disinterest as he has in the war, Henry continues to show a lack of concern on his job and sometimes with his friends. Hemingway wants the reader to reconsider their opinion of the Great War and contemplate the lesser things in the world such as nature. While driving an ambulance to Pavla, Henry’s car is demolished by a trench mortar. A general without his authority, Henry struggled through this tragedy using his unbelievable willpower and audacity. Just before the attack, Henry, â€Å"ate the end of my piece of cheese and took a swallow of wine†¦then there was a flash, as when a blast-furnace door is swung open, and a roar that started white and went red and on and on in a rushing wind.† (54). The mortar blast that attacks Henry’s ambulance furthers his dismal attitude towards the war. Hemingway knows that innocent men such as Henry have been injured and killed throughout this war and he knows this is not fair. Above all, he further detaches Henry from the world and the war for the reader’s own thoughts to form about the evilness of guiltless casualties. Syntactical devices are one of literature’s most important and practical modes to get a point across in an exciting and interesting manner. Authors utilize such tools to get deeper meanings across to the reader. A variety of syntax Hemingway utilizes is known as subject. Additionally, while he is illustrating one of those most impressing scenes of Book 1, Henry must deal with other feelings and sights. Henry observes, â€Å"The dead were off to one side. The doctors were working with their sleeves up to their shoulders and were red as butchers. There were not enough stretchers. Some of the wounded were noisy but most were quiet† (56-57). To cope with his negative opinions towards the war, Henry draws up his inner strength to battle them. With the same resolve that drove him to the war, Henry eliminates feelings of sorrow and shows a lack of interest on the front. Another syntactical device utilizes repetition. To prepare the reader for the upcoming idea, Hemingway creates a brilliant structural masterpiece. During a mess hall scene in Book 1, Henry narrates, â€Å"Yes, father. That is true, father. Perhaps, father. No, father. Well, maybe yes, father. You know more about it than I do father.† (38). By repeating the same â€Å"father† over and over again, Hemmingway initiates a serious, monotonous tone to this excerpt. The repetition alone is a cautious statement bending the limits of literature itself. Dr. Robert Lamb believes repetition is key to creating great literature, but the author must know how to apply it. He states, â€Å"†¦the most remarkable aspect of the passage is Hemingway’s†¦employment of repetition. The repetition of key words like want and perfectly†¦are used [to] keep the dialogues relevant.† (Hemingway and the Creation†¦17). Hemingway effectively displays repetition demonstrating Henry’s disinterest and detachment from the war and all of its horrors. The everlasting war establishes Henry’s dismal tone as he struggles to survive the war. Out of Henry’s struggles emerged his strengths. In conclusion, Ernest Hemingway’s innovative techniques in the fields of diction, imagery, and syntax generate the protagonist’s detachment from World War I in Book 1. Deriving from his disinterest comes his affection for a young British nurse. Hemingway’s own conflicts in World War I blend with his views from that war and congregate in this masterpiece.

The Effect of News Teasers in Processing News on Television

Past researches on cognitive effects of news teasers[1] (or news previews) were mainly focused on the viewer attention and memory performance (e. g. Scheuder & White, 1989; Cameron, Shleuder, & Thorson, 1991; Schleduder, White & Camerson, 1993), but little research has been conducted to examine the effects of the by-product of newscasts-news teasers. Chang’s paper aimed at filling the gap between previous researches by exploring the role of news teasers in processing television news and examining the effectiveness of different news teasers in improving information retention and comprehension. Chang found that the presence of a news teaser in the preceding TV program enhanced viewer’s recall and comprehension of the news story teased. Additionally, the presence of a program reference in the news teaser demonstrated a significant impact on viewer’s comprehension of the news whilst presentation format of the news teaser did not have any effect. According to the priming effect and schema theory, priming is a natural process of the spreading activating particular connections in memory (Berkowitz & Rogers, 1986) and it is used to explain the effects of news previews on viewer’s attention and memory status (Schleuder, White, & Cameron, 1993). In addition, Schemata are mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge, make sense of an event and provide a framework for future understanding. With the use of a program reference in a news teaser will not only enhance spreading activation process, but serve a cue emphasizing the connection between program and upcoming news story. Therefore, Chang’s study contended and showed that program-referred teasers have stronger priming effects on viewer’s recall and comprehension. Chang’s findings are particular useful in amplifying the agenda setting effect by leveraging on the relationship between preceding program, news teasers and the following news feature. Common examples of such application include but not limited to socio-educational messages such as safe sex, safe driving, and campaigns against drugs, smoking and driving after alcohol consumption. A situational drama can first mention how drug taking ruined the life of a fictional character, following by a news teaser in the commercial break extracting remarkable scenes from the upcoming news program, then the news feature itself. The interaction between the three elements within such a short period of time not only could reinforce the message to be conveyed, but also deepened viewer’s impression on the issue. The most severe weakness of Chang’s study is that it employed a simulated newscast and news teasers instead of naturally occurring ones. Besides, the external validity of Chang’s research is weak given the TV viewing session was conducted in a laboratory setting with all participants being students. Despite the above limitations, Chang’s study does provide new insights for practitioners to adopt in improving audience flow in broadcasting.

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Financing Government Operations - Research Paper Example It is amongst the seven counties, and the nine cities which form part and parcel of the Hampton Roads metro area. Norfolk Virginia is bordered on the Northern side by the Chesapeake Bay and on the Western side by the Elizabeth River. On its Sothern side, Virginia Beach shares its borders with the cities of Chesapeake, and on its Eastern side, it borders the Virginia Beach. Norfolk Virginia is regarded as the cultural, financial, and urban center of the Hampton Roads (Rose, 2000). The city of Norfolk Virginia has a long historical background as an important strategic transportation and military point. It hosts the largest naval military base in the world, that is, the Naval Station Norfolk. It also hosts two important strategic command headquarters of NATO. It is also a transportation hub, and this is mainly because it has the headquarters of Norfolk Southern Railway. This is a company that operates one of the North’s America Class I railroads (Rose, 2000). This city is also the headquarters of Maersk Line Limited. This is a company that manages the largest fleet of the flag vessels of United States. As a city that is bordered by a variety of water bodies, Norfolk has a number of many miles of bayfront property, and riverfront. This situation makes it very attractive for tourism. Some of the world’s attractive tourism destinations are found in the regions that are surrounded by water bodies, and this includes countries such as Egypt, Venice, etc (Rose, 2000). Therefore, one of the public policies that the government of North Virginia can seek to develop and implement is on the methods of improving tourism in the country. This paper seeks to analyze the various sources of revenue for the government, and how it can fund tourism projects in the city of Norfolk Virginia (Rose, 2000). Furthermore, this paper seeks to describe the restrictions that are placed on those sources of revenue, and how public policy decisions normally affect the receipt of those

Business Intelligence Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Intelligence Information Systems - Essay Example There are many other roles of business intelligence systems as well (Mulcahy, 2012). The reason why companies use business intelligence systems is for the reason that they collect a lot of data from their business operations. Data are then stored, and in order to maintain and keep a check on these data, the business needs a reliable software such as MS Word and Excel and many other data keeping software and applications. Maintaining such data becomes complicated if two or more applications are used. That is why businesses use business intelligence software which provides adequate maintenance of all the data (Mulcahy, 2012). This paper aims to discuss two business intelligence software products along with their features and a description of their manufacturers. Spotfire The real factor of success for a business in terms of exploiting information in order to gain a benefit is ‘reporting’. When the reporting software of a business is down, it means that the software is not relaying information to the right people at the right time due to which decision making problems arise. Spotfire is business intelligence software developed by TIBCO which contains all the necessary functions (TIBCO, 2011). ‘TIBCO Software Inc.’ is a software company which manufactures business intelligence software amongst other infrastructure software for large and small business organizations. The software manufactured by TIBCO is used on-premise and or as cloud computing setting. There are many customers which enjoy the products built by TIBCO Inc (TIBCO, 2011). ‘Spotfire’ is business intelligence software which provides much optimized intelligence analytical applications for the maintenance and efficiency of data. There are plenty of features of Spotfire; it offers analytical software combined with visuals and an interactive component which allows companies to exploit their data and retrieve whatever data they want to. The main feature of the Spotfire software system is the fact that you can actually view your intelligence and the interaction pertaining to your business’s intelligence due to the fact that Spotfire has a very good data visualization interface (TIBCO, 2011). Spotfire’s technical and intelligent approach to business intelligence is aiding various business enterprises in increasing their performance efficiently. Finance companies use Spotfire to maintain and keep a check on compliance and risk, manage various selection tasks and maintain attribution analysis (TIBCO, 2011). Necto ‘Necto’ is very good business intelligence software which is manufactured by Panorama. Necto is the latest in the line of business intelligence products and what sets it apart from other business intelligent programs is the fact that it is a socially enabled intelligence solution which has been never seen before. The Necto software has a wide variety of features which are very beneficial to business and other organi zations; it offers a very innovative, ingenious and simple way to link data, analysis of the data and the people working in the company. Necto is a new technology which is more efficient and much faster; it is a generation of

Sosial antropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sosial antropology - Essay Example Clubs are often formed by the hooligans; and the members meet together for the purpose of planning the hooliganism. Some of the aspects looked at are the treatment of the sport of football by the fans and hooligans, the history of sports and supporters and finally, the sociology of the culture, not just of the sport players, but the supporters themselves. One of the dismaying outcomes of hooliganism is the physical trauma and sometimes death to other supporters. Along with the studies of supporter intensity, other studies on control of unruly behavior by the mob and how to control it were also reviewed and analyzed to complete this study of hooliganism in the sport of football. Some believed in using violence to stop the hooliganism. While others believed prevention was better method. The prevention or reduction methods are discussed and analyzed and finally a possible solution is selected best on the more successful method. In the study of human culture and development anthropology relies on theory to explain social evolution and the different social culture of a group of interacting humans. â€Å"Anthropology differs from sociology in that it relies more heavily on a historical and comparative technique.† 1 A subset of anthropology, called ethnography focuses on writing descriptions about the national traditions and differences between ethnic groups. It’s usually written from an insider perspective, for example, the writer might for a time live with a certain group of people in order to study and understand their culture. Anthropology studies of football culture should include ethnology to better understand the reasons for hooliganism and the popularity of the game. Those studies of social anthropology of football culture primarily involve two aspects, popularity of the game of football; and how the popularity results in hooliganism in the name of national pride. Hence, the first part of the study details about the nature of pride and the religious fervor

Biochemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biochemistry - Lab Report Example The gels were visualized by coomassie staining. The restriction digestion of recombinant DNA yielded the predicted band sizes upon electrophoresis, confirming the presence of the pGLO plasmid in the transformants. The presence of a single neat band at the expected size range upon immunoblotting indicates the successful isolation of the purified GFP protein. Initially obtained from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria/Aequorea aequorea/Aequorea forskalea, the Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is composed of 238 amino acids with a molar mass of 26.9 kDa. Its typical three dimensional structure facilitates a specific set of cyclization reactions inside the protein giving rise to the tripeptide Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67 which forms the fluorophore, the fluorescent component of the protein, present on the alpha helix. This helix is actively shielded from the surrounding environment by the beta sheets, hence contributing to the use of the GFP gene as a reporter of gene expression or cellular protein localization. In the present experiment, the GFP gene has been used to understand the mechanism of molecular cloning and subsequent protein purification procedures. The molecular cloning was carried out by transforming the pGLO plasmid vector with the GFP gene insert into the bacterial host E.coli strain HB101. ... After appropriate incubation, the colonies were observed under normal light, followed by U.V light. Under normal light all the plates except plate with LB+Amp had growth Lack of plasmid DNA on Plate with LB+Amp-pGLO might have rendered the colonies susceptible to the antibiotic ampicillin, due to absence of genes required to deactivate ampicillin. Flourescence was observed in plates 3 and 4 under U.V light indicating the transformation of the plasmid DNA into the E.coli host. Plate 3, inspite of having ampicillin showed growth due to the presence of B-lactamase gene which can inactivate ampicillin. Plate 4 had the maximum number of colonies compared to the other plates. This could be attributed to the addition of arabinose into the medium which selectively enhances the activity of the arabinose operon in which the GFP gene has been inserted, thus increasing the GFP protein which has the unique quality of fluorescence. To confirm the insertion of the pGLO plasmid into the colonies on plates 3 and 4, the DNA from these colonies was purified using QAI kit method and subjected to restriction digestion using EcoRV and Hind III followed by electrophoresis, wherein an electric field was applied to the gel matrix. DNA molecules move towards the anode due to negativity of the charged phosphates along its backbone. The rate of migration of a particular DNA fragment is inversely proportional to its molecular weight; hence the fragments with the highest weight have the least mobility. Post electrophoresis, the ethidium bromide stained gel was visualized under UV light (Figure 1). A single restriction site specific to EcoRV is present on

Facility Design in the Hospitality Sector Essay Example for Free

Facility Design in the Hospitality Sector Essay However this stage does not only involve the budget for finance but also time budget is an important aspect to be considered in which a time schedule is set and judged whether it’s appropriate or not. According to the project and development manager of Holiday Inn Harare all these stages have to be conglomerated in harmony to ensure sound facility designing. Also the area must be located in such a way that it will be easy to clean. It can be a container a wire cage, for papers one can have a cage bin but is it a bin for a food it should be a container which need to be closed since some food may contain liquids. More so containers help to protect the spread of diseases by preventing the rodents from entering the bin and then spread the diseases afterwards. For example in Meikles Hotel the use containers for storing their food waste in order for health reasons.

New Zealand Healthcare Organisations

New Zealand Healthcare Organisations Introduction Health care in New Zealand is affected by a number of factors that determine the trends and demands in terms of health. How the health workers plan for, implement and evaluate health interventions greatly depends on some environmental factors, attitudinal factors, international health policy and New Zealand campaigns and policy. In this paper, these determinants and their impact, whether direct or indirect, positive or negative, on the New Zealand healthcare will be thoroughly discussed. This paper also aims to tackle the role that organisations take part in promoting health care services and each of them playing different roles in determining the supply and demand of health care services. We will also compare the obstacles that exist in the New Zealand healthcare system to that of the United States of America’s. This will be done by assessing these countries in terms of safety issues, geographical, cultural, socioeconomic and organizational barriers. 1. Environmental determinants: 1.1 Demographic distribution of populations Presently, New Zealand became a multi diverse and more culturally nation. According to Statistics New Zealand, Population Statistics Units, the number of migrants coming into the country is increasing. The study conducted last 2006 focused on five (5) major ethnicity group with the estimation of total number of individual/ group living in the country. These were the European people including the New Zealander (67%), Maori (15%), Pacific people (7%), Asian (9%) and Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (1%). (Population Estimates at 30 June 1996, 2001 and 2006, 2014). New Zealand has an ageing population. This pattern shows a decline in fertility rate (birth control is properly utilised and easily available) and increase in length of life (on-going research and new technologies used in treating diseases). Moreover, there is also a projection in increase number of aged people on the year 2031. People on 65 years and above mostly suffer from a chronic diseases that result decline on the quality of their life. As a result of this, demand for disability and health care services will also rise. (An Ageing Population, 2014). Maori and Pacific people have a younger age group as compare to European people because they have increase number of birth and death rates. The latter group prefer to have lesser number of children. Asian people also have young structure population because most of them settled in New Zealand with their family at early age. (An Ageing Population, 2014). In China, there is a law known as â€Å"one child policy† to control the increasing population of the country which can result in increased sustainability of every family. 1.2 Social Generally, population of New Zealand have been experiencing increase in living standards. Factors contributed on this were increase in employment status, high educational attainment, safe living and working environment and awareness of the healthcare services available in the community. (Dew Davis, 2005). Poor household income is the top reason of being susceptible to poor health. Among all the groups residing in New Zealand, Maori and Pacific communities usually live in a small and crowded housing environment because of lower costs and the culture of extended families. As an outcome, there will be an increase cases of communicable diseases and mental health illnesses. (Dew Davis, 2005). Moreover, these group of people have the highest number of cases of cardiovascular problems, respiratory diseases and Cancer which is associated with poor eating habit (commercialised food), insufficient physical activities, heavy alcohol intake and smoking practice (roll-your-own cigarette). (The Health of New Zealand Adult 2011/12, 2012). 1.3 Cultural New Zealand is mainly a bicultural country which consists of white-skin settlers â€Å"Pakeha† and native people, the Maori. The relationship of these two groups started upon signing of Treaty of Waitangi between Queen Victoria and indigenous Maori people. (Shaw Deed, Health Environment in Aotearoa/ New Zeland, 2010). This became the foundation of Maori health acknowledging the principles of Partnership, Participation and Protection. (The Treaty of Waitangi , 2005). In providing healthcare services to Maori people, it is important to involve their whanau in formulating plan of care and refer them specifically to the Maori health team to address the language barrier which proved to be one of the reasons why they are hesitant to consult their health concerns to the a non-Maori health practitioner. Maori and Pacific group practise bed sharing room when raising their children because they believe that it is a way of building strong relationship and protecting their child on emergency situation such as SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). In contrast, Western people do not agree on this belief and for them independence and autonomy are the best outcome of having an individualised room. 1.4 Political In New Zealand, the healthcare delivery system is made up of numbers of policies and legislations that promotes quality care for all its population. Its government provides strategies to have a better health status for Maori and Non-Maori people living in the country. These includes New Zealand Health Strategy (NZHS) and New Zealand Disability Strategy (NZDS). The aims of these organizations are to decrease inequalities among its residents and communities and to improve coordination in both public and private sectors. (Statutory Framework, 2011) The New Zealand Health and Disability Strategy focuses on the primary health care which covers both promotion and prevention of the occurrence of diseases. For instance, Ministry of Health conducted campaign regarding smoking cessation and the government projected that by the year 2025, there will be no cases of smoking in the country. Preventive measures are also given to the public by means of providing support groups, counselling and reading materials. Furthermore, during the 1990, the government promulgated the Smoke-free Environments Act in New Zealand. (Smoke-free Environments Act, 2005). 1.5 Religious Maori view of good health is associated with their spiritual beliefs (wairuataga). When someone is ill, they conduct a ritual performed by tohunga also known as shamans or priests. (Shaw Deed, Health Environment in Aotearoa/ New Zeland, 2010). Same with Muslim people, they also believe that â€Å"Allah† is the one who decide on their health condition and the great healer of their sickness. Catholic group believe that genital mutilation is essential for male individual just like what Jesus Christ did in the past. In United States of America, 6 to 7 out of 10 new born babies are circumcised defending on the spiritual and cultural orientation of the family. According to this group, this procedure can lower the cases of diseases like meatitis (inflammation of the opening of the penis), urinary tract infection and sexually transmitted illness. (Circumcision: Medical Pros and Cons, 2012). On the other hand, European people generally do not engage themselves on circumcision because they believe of it is of no significance, scientifically and spiritually. Jehovah’s Witness people refuse blood transfusion because they believe that receiving blood is prohibited since it was scripted in the bible. 1.6 Values and Ethics According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25, everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old-age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same protection. (Preamble, 2013). In view of the above, there are numbers of legislations that support the right of each individual in the access of healthcare services available in New Zealand. For example, the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (PHDA) provides a clear framework in improving, promoting and protecting health and well-being of its people. This law is further supported by the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 and Human Rights Act 1993 that deals with the discrimination of both public and private sectors. (Human Rights Legislation, 2008). Ethical values of these rights pertain to the individual equality that makes every people of New Zealand satisfied in regards to the healthcare services. There are studies of health that gender may contribute to the understanding of the factors and outcomes of inequalities. For instance, there are special needs for both men and women during treatment and rehabilitation after surgery or disability. (Shaw, White, Deed, Health, Wellbeing Environment in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2013). 1.7 Traditions Maori people believe on a traditional way of maintaining a good health and preventing illness. This holistic approach is called Te Whara Tapa Wha which ensures balance of four (4) important aspects of their health; the Te taha wairau (spiritual), Tet aha hinengaro (mind), Te taha tinana (physical) and Tet aha whanau (family). (Shaw Deed, Health Environment in Aotearoa/ New Zeland, 2010). This native people also practise the traditional way of healing through massage (Mirimiri) and herbal treatment (Rongoa). These group also believe that natural environment like forest has a therapeutic effect on their well-being. In addition, Asian countries like China and Philippines also believe in traditional healers and use medicinal plants in treating sickness. 2. Attitudinal determinants: Public attitudes 2.1 Concepts of health Public health refers to systematic measures to prevent disease, promotion of health, and prolonging life among the entire population. The public concept of what illness is the way people perceive their symptom is largely influenced by his or her cultural background which in turn influence how the person reacts. According to World Health Organisation, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO definition of Health , 2003). As defined by Oxford English Dictionary, it is the state of being free from sickness, injury, disease, bodily conditions; indicating good bodily condition. (Definition and concepts of health, n.d.). In the view of Rene Dubos, health is the state of health or disease are the expressions of the success or failure experienced by the organism in its efforts to respond adaptively to environmental changes. (Health , 2004). 2.2 Concepts of illness The Public Concept of Illness There are two factors that determine the attitude of public towards illness; socio economic factor and cultural factor, these factors play an integral role in how a certain person reacts to his health condition. According to the World Health Organization socio economic status can greatly affect the quality of life, people living in a low socio economic quality leads to poor health practices of the people and access to quality health services is limited. Cultural beliefs are believed to be vital for peoples well-being and dignity and cultural beliefs dictate the vast majority of our effort to maintain our state of total well-being. According to Susser, illness is a subjective sense of feeling unwell; illness does not define a specific pathology but refers to person’s subjective experience of it such as discomfort, tiredness and/or general malaise. (Illness, Sickness and Disease, n.d.). As described by Kozier, it is a highly personal state in which the person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental and spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished. (Kozier, Erb, Glenora, Berman, Snyder, 2004). 2.3 The importance the public put on health Most people think that promoting health and wellness is better than curing disease. In achieving the quality of life, most New Zealanders choose to live a healthy lifestyle by eating nutritious food, adequate exercise and a work-life balance. Through this, the impact of the media and technology has influenced the importance of maintaining a better life. (Shaw Deed, Health Environment in Aotearoa/ New Zeland, 2010). Presently, people do not encourage artificial way of food consumption such as microwavable, processed and commercialised food because they are now into natural and organic process. Although, organic food is more expensive than ordinary food but the nutritional value is more likely. In addition, people engage themselves on active campaigns such as marathon, walkathon, swimming and cycling that help them to remain fit and healthy. 2.4 Public attitudes towards health and medical professionals Generally, medical professionals are treated with respect and regarded highly by the public. They are looked up to and considered lifesavers. With the Ministry of Health’s goal to extend and improve the New Zealander’s quality of life, awareness on health and health care delivery system is increased, causing the people (Maori and Pakeha alike) to demand more of the health care services. However, there are still disparities in the attitudes of the Maori and Non-Maori, as well as in their health. This represent the fact that Maori health rights are not being protected as guaranteed under the treaty and that the social, cultural, economic and political factors indicate a widening gap between Maori and non-Maori (Ellison-Loschmann, 2006). Maori still have apprehensions in getting medical consultation or health care services because of their culture and traditions and health illiteracy. They still view health problems in the spiritual realm as punishments for their sins. Some of them don’t understand that these are consequences of bad health habits. They are also adamant to get health care services from Maori health workers. However, as the importance of health is promoted by the government, the gap between the attitudes of the Maori and non-Maori may be closed soon. 3. The influence of International health policy on healthcare of New Zealand Globally the demand for attention in certain areas in health care necessitates the formulation of international health policy; the creation of Millennium Development Goals (MDG) primarily aims for logical global health policy. Global decision makers can greatly influence and shape how New Zealand prioritizes the needs of reform or how to address particular health problem of the community. (UNDP, 2013). Millennium Development Goals has been created to create has eight key areas 1. Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, 2. Achieve universal primary education, 3. Promote gender equality and empower women, 4. Reduce child mortality, 5. Improve maternal health, 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases, 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, 8. Develop a global partnership for development. The influence of international health policy to New Zealand health sector is evident through its policy prescriptions on the above mentioned eight (8) key areas. Goal number 8 sets objectives to the developed countries like New Zealand to extend relief to underdeveloped countries. (Parliament, 2011). According to New Zealand Parliament over half of New Zealand’s official development assistance (ODA) goes to the pacific region, approximately 71% of the 2011/2012 country programme expenditure is allocated to eight countries: Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tokelau and Samoa. The participation of New Zealand in achieving MDG number 8 by extending aide to the Pacific region illustrate that New Zealand has contributed in achieving best possible health to its neighbouring countries.

High Scope Approach | Overview and Implementation

High Scope Approach | Overview and Implementation This paper will be talking about the High/Scope Curriculum Approach. The philosophy under the High/Scope Curriculum Approach is children should actively be part of their learning with the help and support of teachers/educators. The High/Scope philosophy believes that children are better learners when they can touch, manipulate, and explore. I will also explain the ways this model promotes the teaching and development of young children, the theoretical influences of High/Scope, and other important elements, such as planning, observation, and implementation. In this paper, I will review the types of assessments and documentations strategies used to evaluate on-going learning, and finally use the ELECT document to evaluate how the High/Scope Curriculum supports the six core principles. Theoretical Influences David Weikart is the educator that thought and organized the High/scope Curriculum. The main theorists behind the High/Scope Curriculum are Jean Paget and Vygotsky. Early in the development of the High/Scope Curriculum, the work of Piaget became influential and the curriculum was renamed the cognitively oriented curriculum. Also, Vygotsky socio-cultural theory had influenced the High/Scope Curriculum. The High/Scope Curriculum is based on the child development ideas that children learn better when they are actively engaged. From there the High/Scope create key experiences for teachers to help children in their learning process. The environment in the High/Scope is organized with developmentally materials/activities based on the needs and interest of children in the program. The main component of the High/Scope in the preschool area is related to key experiences that are divided into three sectors and each sector include learning experiences 1. Social and emotional development, including recognition and solution of problems, understanding routines, expectations, and communicating with others. 2. Movement and physical development, including block building, climbing, ball throwing and catching, and play with manipulative. 3. Cognitive development, including representation, language, classification, seriation, number, space, and time. The key experiences that shape the curriculum give opportunities to new experiences and can also be used for planning, assessments as wells as observations tools. Observations Observations in a High/Scope are beneficial for children, educators as well as for parents. Through observations, teachers find out about childrens needs and interests while interacting, asking open ended questions and participating in activities with children. Observations are done through the COR which is the Child Observation Record to assess children growth and development. Anecdotal notes are taken in a daily basis and are used to complete the COR. The Child Observation Record (COR) is based on the 58 key developmental indicators. Usually, this is done by educators that know really well the child and work with on a daily basis. Teachers evaluate children as well as their own performance. It is very important for educators to have written observations of their work, not only as written evidence to show parents how their child is progressing but also as a way to help parents identify how they can help in the process. Observations are done better if all educators in the program are observing the children in the room at the same time. This way educator can gather and draw comparisons from their observations and evaluate or reevaluate activities and key experiences that needed to be worked on in the future. Planning A main component of the High/Scope Curriculum Approach is the plan-do-review sequence. Teachers set up the environment with developmentally appropriate materials and the children first decide what materials they want to work with and what they wanted to do. Children plan with the educator in a group of 3 or 4. Educators speak to each child by taking turns while sharing ideas about their choices of activity and material. Planning time last about 10 minutes. After planning, children carry out their own initiatives by choosing materials or friends to work with and have freedom to execute their own thought. Educators supervise, interact, and support children in their learning skill. Educators also assist children in the problem solving. In the High/Scope setting, learning experiences are determined by both children alongside with teachers which means children decide and pick their own activities and teachers ask questions, add challenge to it, and support children in the learning. The curriculums plans are recorded through daily observations by teachers using the COR. Daily observations help teachers keep track of their work with children as well as their won performance. The role of the team in planning is very important in a High/Scope Curriculum. By working together as a team, educators will share their observations to see if they came across with the same information. I also think team work is important in the choice of materials provided children and finally important to the success of the program. Implementation High/Scope Curriculum Approach always follows specific structure to implement curriculum. The daily routine is fragmented into segments and each segment is planned depending on the needs of the program. The daily routine is made of: Arrival and greeting Plan-Do-Review time Large group time Small group time Outside time Transition time Eating and resting time The space is High/Scope is organized into different areas that will be relevant and motivating for children learning such as block areas, dress up areas, kitchen areas, book areas, rest areas, art areas, etc. All areas are all labeled in a way so the children can understand for example pictures of different items. I think this a good way to support early literacy. The materials are selected by the teachers so they are well organized and also labeled with pictures, photographs, or real objects. Materials are available all the time to children. The use of time is very effective in the High/Scope Curriculum. There is a time for planning which lat 10-15 minutes and the work time is approximately 45-60 minutes. 10 minutes to recall, 15 to 20 minutes small group time, 10 to 15 minutes large group time and finally 30 minutes of outside time. The time frame allows teachers to cover all sequences of the daily routine. It will also allow children to have consistency in their routine. In the High/Scope Curriculum, educators play an important role. They are responsible of setting up the environment, providing appropriate materials that are age and developmentally appropriate. They are also there to work alongside with children, encourage, guide, and support them in the learning. Educators use quality tools to observe children on a daily basis and also maintain a relationship between childrens family and the program. Finally, I will say that the way teachers conduct themselves in the High/Scope environment give children opportunities to build relationship with adult and school friends, in order to build confidence and self esteem. Assessment Assessment is very essential in the High/Scope Curriculum. Educators use the Child Observation Record to measure children development and growth. Educators take anecdotal notes at a daily basis to record the children activities and behavior while playing. The assessments help teachers and directors to measure the quality of the program. Quality of a program includes the learning environment, adult child interaction, daily routine, curriculum planning, assessment, parents involvement, teachers qualifications, and development and program management. Learning environment, is it inviting for children to learn? Is the space well arranged and are the materials appropriate for age level? Are there different segments in the daily routine that show what is coming next, planning has to be well balanced to meet learning goals and objectives. Are the children assessed with the right tools? Is the learning environment inviting and open for families to be involved in their childrens learning? Do teachers have some training to improve and update their skills? Is the program management supportive of the staff for professional development, dealing with stress related to work and offers some type of appreciation and recognition to teachers. Assessment is vital, it help improve the work environment for children and teachers. Documentation Documentation is very important in the High/Scope environment because it provides educators with a lot of hands on that they can utilize to improve their work, to keep families informed of their children work or progress. Documentation can also be used to provide community/social workers some information that can help in needed situations. Documentation goes from Child Observation Record, photographs, portfolio childrens work to a recording material. Documentation is a valuable tool and can be used as proven facts all the time if well kept. However every documentation should be personal to every child, confidential and can be used cautiously. ELECT Principles/Curriculum Model: High Scope 1.) Early Childhood Development sets the foundation for lifelong learning, behavior and health In the High/Scope Curriculum, children are given the opportunity to make choices, be responsible for their choices and think about it in the plan-do-review process. By allowing children to do so, they are learning important skills like communication with others, sharing ideas and critical thinking, and confidence. Those skills will be used throughout their life. 2.) Partnership with families and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood setting to meet the needs of going children Parents/families are welcome in the program to ask theyre children are doing. They can access their childrens art work, portfolios, progress, or any other issues. Parents provide support to children and by the way to teachers. Parents involvement helps their children and facilitates learning process. 3.) Demonstration of respect for diversity, equity, and inclusion are prerequisites for optimal development and learning. High/Scope Curriculum is open to all children including special needs children. Children are respected as a whole individual for the choices and ideas Parents and families involvement in the program can be used as a learning opportunity. Example: Art, dance, cooking project, song, form other cultures. In a learning program, respect for diversity equity, and inclusion are important to integrate while planning and implementing because it gives a child a sense of recognition, confidence and self-esteem. 4.) A planned curriculum supports early learning. In the High/Scope setting, teachers set up the environment depending on childrens interests Observations are done to assess childrens learning and growth. The plan-do-review process allows educators/children to have a feedback of their work, and this can be used to see what works or did not work. 5.) Play is a means to early learning that capitalizes on childrens natural curiosity and exuberance. In the High/Scope Curriculum, play takes very important place. Children experience new skills through play and play requires manipulation, exploration, and achievement. Educators support children in their play, ask questions to help or increase childrens learning, add more challenges to it, and also help children in problem solving approach. Educators also play alongside with children. Play is the main activity of childhood and we cannot separate play from children because I considerate play as 1st learning tool for children. 6.) Knowledgeable, responsible early childhood professional are essential Educators observe children at a regular basis to identify their needs, level of learning, and growth. Educators organize the environment and materials that are age appropriate for children. Educators work in small/big group with children depending of the activity. By working in a small, teachers get to know better and identify their needs. Educators support childrens learning and behavior with positive guidance. Teachers assess children learning as well their own performance. Educators maintain a relationship with families and community/social services Knowledge and experiences in the fields are needed to perform effectively in the program. Recommendations 1.) Its important to give opportunity to children to explore their environment and build knowledge around it. 2.) Maintain a relationship with parent by sending whether weekly newspaper, asses their childrens wok and parents/teachers meetings. 3.) Integrate diverse cultures and values in the classroom. Take time to assist children with special needs so they can effectively integrate into the learning environment. 4.) High/scope curriculum requires a large input that takes time. 5.) It will be hard to put in place a long project with children. Conclusion The High/Scope Curriculum is a very effective curriculum that provides a clear, concise, and constructive learning environment and learning tools for children. Its also interesting to see how children take care of their own learning with teachers support and build relationship that gives them confidence and helps them develop their self-esteem. From my research, I think the High/Scope Curriculum is beneficial for children today and will allow them to succeed in the future.

kick the habit Essay -- essays research papers

Most people know that smoking tobacco can cause lung cancer, but what they do not know is that it can cause many other cancers and illnesses. It is not enough to eat healthy and workout regularly, if you keep that bad habit then you are just limiting yourself from your full potential and performance. In our profession it is vital that we are able to perform at our peak when it counts, lives may depend on us and we need to take that into serious consideration every time we put a cigarette to our mouth. Diseases, moral, overall appearance, are just some of the things affected by smoking cigarettes. You not only hurt yourself when you smoke, you are hurting everyone else around you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not enough just to talk about working out and eating healthy in the fire service, in some cases it is hard just to implement that into a firefighters routine. A firefighters life expectancy is already lower than that of a person that is not in the fire service, a smokers life expectancy is at least 8 years lower than that of a person that does not smoke. When you combine these two together you are just asking for an early grave. It is a proven fact that smokers die sooner than non-smokers, this results in thousands of dollars lost in social security taxes which inevitably ends up in the non smokers pocket. Cigarette tax is more money from the smoker to the non-smoker. A firefighters health is vital to his profession meaning that he is not able to afford to be ill while at work. On average smokers miss about seven days of work a year while the non-smoker only misses on average of four. That’s over twenty-five percent of work a year that a smoker misses compared to a non-smoker. I don’t know about anybody else but I would want a partner that I could depend on and be confident in when it comes down to crunch time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cardiovascular disease is the biggest disease leading to death as a result due to smoking. As we grow older our arteries harden up and we get cholesterol and other fat deposits clogging our arteries leaving them narrow or even blocked. Smoking accelerates this process rapidly and blood clots are two to four times more likely to form. Cardiovascular disease comes in many forms and they are more likely to occur to people who smoke regularly. Coronary thrombosis, Cerebral thrombosis, high blood pressure, kidney... ...und you and it could also be a turnoff to a possible employer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of us in the fire service did not get into this profession for the money or glamour or anything other than the reward that it provides at the end of every hard working day. We put our lives on the line every time that siren rings, we want to help people and our rewards come from lives being saved and keeping people out of danger. As a team we need to remain strong not only for ourselves but for each other. Being physically fit and keeping a clean and healthy body are major factors that contribute to our success. Its like the old saying â€Å"you are only as strong as your weakest link†. Take for instance a crew is fighting a fire and your bottle runs out after ten minutes, then the team has to leave because of your inability to stay healthy. The fire grows more intense and out of control because you were not prepared. We depend on one another so we each individually need to make sure that we are prepared each and every time that we step on that truck. So remember when you smoke you are not only hurting yourself, you are also hurting everyone else around you.

Delegation :: Business, Empowering Delegation

Managers can empower workers by delegating to them. â€Å"Delegation involves the assignment of work to other people, and it is an activity inherently associated with all managerial positions† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Effective management can be attained through delegation. Therefore, a manager must decide when to delegate. Advantages and the Potential Outcome of Delegation Learning to delegate effectively is fundamental to managers’ success in the workplace. A competent delegator can empower others maximizing the organization effectiveness and efficiency. Whitten and Cameron (2007) identifies the following advantages of delegation: time, development, trust, commitment, information, efficiency, and coordination (p.467). Time Delegation can improve managers’ ability to get things done. Delegation increases the discretionary time of the manager† by freeing up some time (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). A manager schedule can be extremely hectic and the pressure can be overwhelming due to demands. Managers can increase their time to focusing on other task that is highly prioritized and require the manager complete attention through delegation. Not being prepared and never meeting deadline are qualities that can injure ones reputation, for the manager can be viewed as less efficient and effective in management. Through delegation, the manager can squeeze more out of the day. Development Delegation can increase workers effectiveness. It allows delegates to â€Å"develop knowledge and capabilities† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Through delegation, workers can be challenged and this can encourage them to develop their capabilities. They can naturally develop knew knowledge and the necessary skills to cope when they are challenged with tasks that are outside of their basic job duties. By encouraging such development, it can prepare employees for future assignments and promotions. Not only does delegation benefits the employee receiving the new task, but it also benefits the manager and the organization too by enhancing effectiveness. Trust Delegation can help managers build a positive relationship with staff. It is a way of showing employees they are respected, for delegation â€Å"demonstrate trust and confidence in delegates† (Whitten & Cameron, 2007, p. 467). Delegation can empower employees, for when the managers seek assistance with a task it shows that the manager believes in them; the manager is confident that that the employee can complete the task successful. Through trust, the manager can empower an employee to bring drive and initiative in the work. According to Whitten and Cameron (2007), individuals who felt trusted by t heir managers were significantly more effective than those who did not feel that way (p.

Diana in the Docks

Diana In the Dock : does privacy matter? ‘Diana' as used in the title is referring to the Former Princess of Wales ‘Princess Diana'. In November 1993 The mirror newspaper published photos of ‘princess Diana' while she was working out at a gym. These photo's were taken out of consent by Diana by the Gym owner Bryce Taylor who was paid over 100,000 pounds for the photos . Thus Princess Did had his assets frozen and sued him.Due to the fact Bryce Taylor was broke he seeded legal aid where he was provided with Geoffrey Robertson o defend him. Robertson describes this case through the use of a paradox in the opening paragraph â€Å"Diana had been the victim of a dirty trick which provided windfall profits to undeserving people† these undeserving people being ‘Bryce Taylor' and the mirror magazine. Donna's perspective is that her privacy was breached for common greed of monetary benefits by that of Bryce Taylor.However, Ironically for Bryce Taylor benefit his legal aid, lawyer Geoffrey Robertson â€Å"was the tutor of a textbook that analyses and deplored that absence of any privacy law In Britain† which represents to the reader Robertson's extents knowledge within the topic of privacy, Wealth Robertson's defense of Bryce Taylor he states when Diana places her self in the gym â€Å"It was like working out in a shop window† representing that her privacy was automatically violated and she's â€Å"nonetheless been inviting It to happen†.Thus puts us in a position to view Diana as someone who manipulates the Edie in order to suit her own ends. Robertson also states her relationship with the media as ‘a Faustian bargain' which refers to the story of Faust who sells his soul to the devil in order to gain greater power. This again supports Robertson's use of the disjunction of ‘bur In â€Å"but Diana wanted privacy only when It suited her†. Nonetheless as Robertson describes Donna's relationship with the media as ‘ a Faustian bargain' It shows that Diana had to sell her soul to the media in order to main good publicity and power.This is significantly supported by Robertson use of the metaphor In the concluding paragraph † In 1997 Diana was killed fleeing the flashbulbs† which has Robertson positions us to see Diana as someone who seeded the attention of the media and as this back fired she tried to ‘flee' where the consequence became death. Just like that of Faust who sold his soul to the devil , regretted it and was sent to hell. Therefore Robertson believes It's her own fault for her lack of privacy.

Invasive Species Climate Change And Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate modification and encroaching(a) species throw been a disputing rail line in this planetary diversity. When many emphasiss round in synergy they may in the end hold unexpected and irreversible feelinguate for the internal communities and anyways may uphold economically valuable human exe dealeivities such(prenominal) as piscaries in a fantastic part ( Ambrogi, 2007 ) . To avoid and minimise bear on of invasive species, appropriate signal detection and chair should be find to accomplish best af stipulationath, include sing influence of mood adaption. This paper attempt to give cosmopolitan overview of the resultant of climate conversion on invasive species, started with reexamining publication of mood revolution on aquatic ecosystem, so specialised to aquatic invasive species ( AIS ) peculiarly the consequence of demasculinise thermic government, and eventually rear steps to be taken.Invasive species, mood revisal and aquatic ecosystemsAs deli neate in Executive Summary of the subject bea Invasive Species Management Plan ( NISMP ) the term invasive species is a species that is non- ingrained to the ecosystem under esteem and whose debut causes or is likely to do economic or environmental disfigurement or injury to human health ( NISC, 2006 ) . Raaymakers ( 2007 ) has observed that homo has contributed in the purpose of species dispersal every bit ache as they have sailed across the seas moreover, in modern times with massal development, bm of big Marine construction, marine being attached to drifting marine dust, pip of species from weight tank, and ballast piss and take away fouling of commercial transportation.Natural scientists besides have determined that human activities have bring dominant force in act uponing clime, greatly exceeds the influence by indwelling procedure such as vol behindic eruption and solar rewrites. Incoming solar radiation sickness and come out of the closet-going infrargon d ( thermic ) radiation that ar portion of Earth s energy balance are neutered by nursery gases and aeroAsols. The overall consequence of human activities on clime has been a warmAing influence ( IPCC, 2007 ) .Ecosystem was influenced by clime in many ways some are more vulnerable and sensitive than other(a). Animal, workss and micro-organism lives are strongly attuned in clime, for illustration temperature vacillation sum, timing or signifier of haste ( Committee, 2008 ) . In aquatic system, Rahel and olden ( 2008 ) res publica that warmer H2O temperatures, shorter continuance of nut case screen, altered streamflow forms, additiond salinization, and change magnitude fill for H2O storage and conveyance constructions is intercommunicate as consequence of clime mutation. As an illustration, in instance of US aquatic ecosystem, Poff, Brinson & A Day ( 2002 ) sum up some(prenominal) of conditional relation points sing potential impact of clime diversity, such as expo sure of aquatic and wetland ecosystems to temper alteration, slip in thermic suitableness of aquatic hearthstone grounds for occupant species by increasing of temperature, and minus effects caused by seasonal displacements in watercourse overflow. However, in their search, more or less proper(postnominal) ecological receipt to climate alteration burn non be predicted because of new combinations of native and non native species interaction in fresh status.Climate alteration induced on ecosystem conditions besides piece of ass enable spread of invasive species by dint of with(predicate) and through both range enlargement and fictive activity of home grounds and conditions conform to for freshly introduced invasive species. Research on clime alteration and invasive species is check nevertheless, many surveies on possible climate-change impacts to aquatic systems and AIS exist ( US-EPA, 2008 ) . wake of clime alteration on aquatic invasive speciesAIS advise do broad s cope of ecological impacts, including loss of native biodiversity, altered home grounds, alterations in H2O chemical science, altered biogeochemical procedures, hydrological alterations, and altered nutrient webs ( US-EPA, 2008 ) .Gritti in Hellmann ( 2008 ) observe that due to its pervasiveness and possible consequence on cardinal biological procedure, clime alteration provide interact with other bing stressor to impact distribution, spread, copiousness and impact of invasive species.adapted conditions such as addd atmospherical C dioxide, modified hardihood governments, warm ocean and coastal currents, change magnitude ambient temperature, and altered nitrogen distribution can increase invasive species success in some contexts. Increased temperatures and altered precipitation governments are likely to hold bigger effects on AIS than increasing degrees of C dioxide ( US-EPA, 2008 ) .In general, figure 1 shows sorting of aquatic system features that will be altered by clime a lteration and how these alterations will impact invasive species. take care 1. Features of aquatic system that will altered by clime alteration and how these alterations will impact invasive species ( Rahel, 2008 )As determine by several researches mentioned supra, there are many altered status which haply influence AIS nevertheless, this paper will that concentrate to reexamine the consequence on AIS by altered thermic government.Consequence of altered thermic government on aquatic invasive speciesSince most aquatic beings are poikilothermic, temperature is of import in their physiology, bionener ariseics, behaviour, and biogeography. warmer clime will spread out the geographic countries with suited temperatures for warmwater aquaculture, tropical fish civilization, and out-of-door H2O gardens ( Rahel, 2008 ) . For illustration, McCauley in Rahel ( 2008 ) set that optimum temperatures for aquaculture of mudcat are intercommunicate to travel 240 km northerly in the southeaste rly US for every 1iC addition in average yearly air temperature.Change in likeliness of invasive species that will be found besides caused by H2O temperatures warmwith climate alteration. Fish are frequently separate into thermic clubs based on temperature tolerance. Coldwater temperatures can be viewed as a fall into place that prevents warmwater-adapted species from set uping self-sufficient populations. This filter is decreasing, and warmwater species could give off to new countries ( Rahel, 2008 ) .Warming H2O temperatures may besides do thermic lake stratification governments, ensuing in earlier salmagundi and phytoplankton blooms that may change zooplankton development. Changes to timing of zooplankton transcript and/or copiousness could prefer veritable species over others and have possible negative effects for aquatic ecosystems ( Winder in US-EPA, 2008 ) .Furthermore, Rahel ( 2008 ) province that altered thermic governments could arbitrate the impacts of establish ed non-native species on native species through displacements in competitory laterality surrounded by native and nonnative species, increased pulmonary tuberculosis of native quarry species by non-native marauders, or increased effects of non-native parasites on native species. Water temperature raise their nutrient ingestion rate until thermally nerve-racking conditions are reached. This status could amplify impacts of non-native marauders on native quarry species. Marcogliese in Rahel ( 2008 ) besides stop that clime heating may increase virulency of nonnative parasites and pathogens to native species through leting disease beings finishing their life daily round more quickly and achieve higher(prenominal) population densenesss.Another consequence of heat temperatures may be an addition in figure of sexual versus nonsexual procreative periods for works species, ensuing in increased rates of spread. Diaz-Amela in US-EPA ( 2008 ) associated the blossoming rhythms of a Mediter ranean seagrass to warming H2O temperatures.Rahel ( 2008 ) examined that most researcher focal point on how climate alteration will increase figure and badness of invasions. However, in specific instance, positive consequence in decrease AIS besides exist for illustration, some invasive coldwater species may be unable to hunt down under new clime conditions.However, since clime alteration has high possibility to alter ecosystems, the influence of clime alteration should be taking into consideration in purpose sensing and bid steps to wee around off the menaces.Measures there are several steps sing Invasive species. It should be start with national scheme and support by international co-operation. Then, early sensing and schemes for obliteration, containment, control and mitigation through robotlike, biological and chemical method should be genuine ( GISP, 2001 ) .Sing clime alteration influence, oversight study can supply knowledgeableness for measuring combine effects of clime alteration and invasion by give baseline biotic and environmental status, though public-service corporation of a study depends whether the consequence are quantitative or qualitative, and other design consideration ( Lee, 2008 ) .Although clime alteration is planetary graduated table procedure, it has divers(prenominal) regional manifestation. Ecological impact normally has local features and varies from topographical point to topographic point ( Committee, 2008 ) . To preclude farther effect that might be occurred, more research in each specific stance should be conducted to explicate steps that can be taken sing this mater.There are several ongoing control plans for AIS that besides should be review relate to climate alteration. For illustration, in instance of mechanical harvest home and weedkillers which used to ascendance Eurasiatic watermilfoil in the littoral regularize of lakes, and scouring or molluscicides which used to forestall clogging of H2O intake pipes by zebra mussels in the Laurentian Great Lakes, warmer H2O temperatures could let these and other invasive species to get down growing earlier in the twelvemonth and maintain growing afterwards into the autumn. Therefore, dearly-won control actions would necessitate to be implemented more often. Review besides have to be done for migration restriction building or step with cut downing solar input into watercourses by increasing shadowing from riparian botany ( Rahel, 2008 ) .DecisionHuman has contributed in doing clime alteration and AIS job. Measures have been developing to get the better of economic, environment and human wellness job caused by AIS. Since clime alteration has high possibility to alter ecosystem, it is an of import thing to see influence of clime alteration in pull bump off hazard of AIS. Specifically, altered thermic government cause by clime alteration has altered pathway, change the likeliness of AIS formation and switch competitory laterality between nati ve and nonnative species or increased effects of non-native parasites on native species. Therefore, these alterations should be integrated in schemes for sensing, obliteration, containment, control and extenuation of AIS.

Climate Change Effect on Polar Bears

temper shift effect on Artic icy causes Kenneth Halvorsen COM/156 09/30/2012 Jocelyn Henson humor Change Effects on Artic paired Bears modality warm up and ecological changes be in possession of caused a significant threat to the declining cosmos of diametric withstands in the Arctic which is poignant gentle home grounds frosty conceptualizes, the considerablest of the terrestrial carnivores, move on the Arctic scratch for the mass of the year. The icy habitat allows glacial binds to lead for their primary prey oceanls. The powerful notesss survival wholly depends on their world power to use sparkler for feeding and breeding.Some of the highest degrees of globose melting make open been on the polar regions of the world. Scientists around the globe ar in agreement that much(prenominal) effects of glasshouse gases produced primary(prenominal)ly through and through humane induced emissions have resolutenessed in an ontogenesis of the worldly conc erns surface temperature. The keep denial concerning global warming could allow for in the complete polar ingest extinction. Unquestionably, the beautiful speciess future depends on the protection of the arctic milieu its defilement levels, indigenous peoples escape and total sack of fruitcake rink.So, what should be d ace, if any trendg, to save the polar conduct habitat? To begin analyzing the issue, lets first discuss some of the smooth specifics of polar receive habitat and environment requirements which argon critical for survival. Polar bears, as the largest of the bear family, essential sustain abounding nutriment and accumulate enough clay fat to keep those a brave out during the ice free period. They need to consume at least cinque pounds of oceanl blub per day to stay firm. Also, as they atomic number 18 the largest land predator in the world, bears live on the ice in locations where it is workable to hunt for seals which argon their primary prey.Yet, t hey pull up stakes alike hunt Artic fox. They have been cognise to eat birds, reindeer, rodents, fish, or in time the trunk of a dead whale. Strong swimmers, the bears aver over the vast expanses of sea ice while paddling with their front legs and using their arrange legs as a ruder inquisition for annular seals, bearded seal, and occasionally beluga whales and even walrus. Polar bears have no natural predator and have no business organization of man which makes things dangerous for both. There are few animals that will attack a man unprovoked yet, the polar bear is angiotensin-converting enzyme that will actually hunt down humans and eat them.The caper begins where studies turn in that humour warming is creating a much shorter duration of time for sea ice and, therefore, is extending a later freezing in fall as salubrious as early ice break-ups during summer. These ever-changing conditions have shown seal depletion and a crepuscule in the polar bears race. The av erage yearbook extend of ice has exceeded 1 unrivaled million million square kilometers. With over 40 portion decrease within the past 30 years of the ice coverage the creation of polar bears has been substantially jeopardise (U. S. seek and Wild vitality Services, 2008).This and opposite climate change itemors have affected the speciess food tack on chain. Polar bears population growth in general is extremely slow and fluctuates in response to natural pointors, the major one of which is their prey ability. The bears need to maintain a high level of body fat, oddly for the females in order to have healthy cubs. Nutritionally stressed, the mothers are cosmos greatly affected by the rising sea levels in the marine regions with the most enunciate temperature gains. An append in polar bear sightings have been reported coterminous human settlements during the open water period in recent years.For example, Inuit hunters have reported an join on in bear population because of an increase in sightings near their villages. This has led to more(prenominal) hunting tags issued. Such observations are cheapjack and the increased sightings should be related to the fact that the bears are seeking an alternative food source. Additionally, offshore drilling for oil and transferral have threatened polar bears status. age of data from satellite imagery as far back as 1970 shows a decrease in population and scurvy body conditions surrounding the populations of bears near westbound Hudson Bay and Baffin Bay.These two populations are more belike decreasing and non increasing. As these populations decrease the continued problematic fundamental interaction with man will most likely continue and could very well increase, as the bears seek alternative food sources through the extended summer months (Stirling, Parkinson, Sep. , 2006). Scientists have very specific ways of tracking the res publicas temperature. The worlds temperature is eer monitored from la nd-based weather stations and ocean buoys. They also use tree rings, coral reefs, and ice cores. The demonstrate shows the earths temperature is increasing.Three main source possibilities could be responsible for the increase in global warming the sun, the earths reflectivity, and greenhouse gases. All three have been studied carefully, and the only one that matches up to the data is levels of greenhouse gases. The more fossil fuels we burn the higher levels of greenhouse gases (environmental Defense Fund, 2012). The polar bears survival completely depends on their ability to use ice for hunting, and some of the highest degree of global warming effects has been on the polar regions of the world.Fortunately, with proficient advancements researchers are now able to happen individual bears over a persistent period of time and collect semiprecious data on the speciess habitat concerns. The greater understanding of population trends and kinetics allows scientists worldwide to prov ide critically grand data that will further advocate in environmental management stopping point. Studies show a significant decrease in polar bear populations from 1984 through 2004 near the western coast of Hudson Bay and in the community of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada (Regehr, 2010).The level of human armorial bearing and recent commercial activities in the Artic, such as oil spills and contaminants, shipping and hunting have exposed polar bear population to higher risks and, as a consequence, have increased this speciess habitat food stress. Now, as much as one-third of the worlds polar bears are facing extinction. Interestingly enough, fivefold social groups believe that there is no reason for panic and some of the data used in polar bear population decrease is false. The controversial opinions are opposing to the entire fact of global warming and climate change with exposition of political tricks on consumers.Additionally, a large number of scientists and distinguished en gineers disagree with the fact that an immediate and drastic action is required to protect polar bear speciess survival and control of global warming impacts. Environmental campaigners suffered a major nose candy in 2009 when emails stolen from computers at the University of East Anglia were leaked and were hailed by critics as order of scientists attempting to suppress evidence that contradicted the idea of man-made climate change. An inquiry into the scandal failed to find any evidence of malpractice by the scientists and a review of the erudition also ound it to be sound, although the findings were met with claims of bias from skeptics. The cognizance has become stronger and stronger over the past five years while the public experience has gone in completely the other direction (Gray, 2012). A recent BBC tip found that 25% of British adults did not think global warming was casualty (Gray, 16. 2012). Nevertheless, polar bears have been listed as threatened by the U. S. Fe deral Government, Department of slant and Wildlife Service in May 2008). Accordingly, one of the highlights in mitigation measures and species habitat conservation was a formation of PBSG social rank.In 1973 The International governing body called Polar Bear Specialist convocation has negotiated and executed an Agreement of the Conservation of Polar Bears. (IUCN Species Survival sort, 2012). The meetings are held in Greenland every(prenominal) 3 to 5 years with the emphases on advancing the principles of the Agreement. As a result of the recently conducted series of meetings in June 2001 a working group has been assigned and funded to shed the knowledge on the essential life functions of polar bears and other marine animals.Such valuation of the speciess immune and hormonal systems would significantly improve the continued efforts of humanity in preserving the Artic environment. These and many other initiatives remain to be under development status. However, the progress i s being eyeshaded and is pleasantly acknowledged. Multi-discipline mitigation measures must be addressed by the coming(prenominal) generation of human policy makers. Among duplex models of polar bear population and habitat features one can clearly notice an inevitable and non-reversible threat to important specie of the worlds largest bear.Therefore, understanding of the climate change and a greater clearcutness in making management decision must remain being a worldwide concern. Neither the five countries of PBSG membership bound by a 1973 accordance discussed above no the American Environmental Protection groups themselves would succeed with this uneasy designate of polar bear habitat rescue without a worldwide cooperation. References Ellis, R. (2009). On thin ice The changing world of the polar bear. Knopf. Environmental Defense Fund (2012). humor Change Impacts. Retrieved from http//www. edf. org/climate/climate-change-impactsIUCN Species Survival Group (2012). IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. Retrieved from pbsg. npolar. no Gray, R. (2012, October). Climate Scientists Are Losing The Public weigh on Global Warming. The Telegraph. Retrieved from www. telegraph. co. uk Kuhn, M. (2010). Climate Change and The Polar Bear Is The Endangered Species motion Up To The Taks? Alaska Law Review, Vol 7. , Issue 1, p. 125-150, 26p. depicted object Geographic Society (2012). Polar Bear Ursus maritimus. Retrieved from http//animals. nationalgeographic. com/animals/mammals/polar-bear Peacock, E. , Derocher, A. E. , Thiemann, G. W. , Stirling, I. (2011).Conservation and Management of Canadas Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) In A Changing Artic. Canadian Journal of Zoology. Regehr, E. V. , S. C. Amstrup, and I. Stirling (2006). Polar bear population status in the southern Beaufort Sea. U. S. geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1337. 20 pp. Regehr, E. V. (2010). Climate Change threatens polar bear populations. ecologic Society of America. Stirling, I. , Parkinson, C. L. (2006). Possible Effects of Climate Warming on Selected Populations of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. Artic Vol 59, No. 3, p. 261-275.